Improvement in machines for making nails of separate heads and shanks



3 SheepsShee1. L. F. CERF & E. F. BONAVENTURE MACHINES FOR. MAKINGNAIL-S 0F SEPARATE HEADS AND SHANKS.

MPETERS. FHOTO-LITHDGRIPHER. WASHINGTON. D. C.

3Sheets-Sheet2. L. F. CERF & E. F.1BONAVENTURE.

MACHINES FOR MAKING NAILS OF'SEPARATE HEADS AND- SI'IANKS. No.179,095.Patented June 27,1876,

MPETERS. PHOTG-LITHOGRAPHER. WASNlNGION. 0.0.

I Y 3 Shegts-SheetB. L. F. CERF & E. F. BONAVENTURE. V MACHINES FORMAKING NAILS 0F SEPARATE HEADS AND SHARKS." 11 ,179,095, I Patent-edJune 27,1876.

N-PETEBS, FNOTO-LIIHOGRAEMEfiI WASHINGTON. D. C.

L. FREDERIO CERF AND EDMOND F. BONAVENTUBE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; SAIDBONAVENTURE ASSIGNOR TO SAID CERF.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR MAKING NAlLS 0F SEPARATE HEADS AND SHANKS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 179,095, dated J unc27, 1876; application filed February 2'3, 1875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, L. FREDERIG CERF and EDMOND F. BONAVENTURE, both ofFrance, but at present residing in New York city, county, and State,have invented a certain new and useful Nail-Machine, and which may alsobe adapted to and used for making rivets; and we do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of our invention asapplied to making both nails and rivets, reference being had to theannexed drawings, making part of this specification, and in which--Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through a machine thatembodies our invention; Fig. 2, a horizontal section through saidmachine, taken upon a plane cut through the center of the dies andpunches in which the shank and head of the nail are cut, and where therivet is made. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section through the dies andpunches of the machine fitted to make rivets; Fig. 4, a front view ofthe cuttingoft' dies; and Fig. 5 is a front elevation of a pair ofpliers whose function will be hereinafter more fully explained.

Our invention relates more especially to the manufacture of that varietyof nails made of two distinct pieces of metal, and usually of two kindsof metal in distinct parts, the shank being made of iron, or othersuitable metal, and the head being made of brass or other suitablemetal, the two parts being appropriately formed and united by theoperation of the machine and the formation of its parts, the form of thehead being usually hemispherical or conical, and generally hollow,though the head may be made solid of one metal with the shank and thencovered with a separate piece of metal, and the form may be modified asmay be required; and although the principal object of the invention isthe manufacture of this variety of nails, yet a part of the machine maybe dispensed with, and another form of die substituted for the nail-die,by which the machine is quickly and cheaply converted into arivet-machine, or, rather, adapted to making rivets.

To enable those skilled in the art to which our invention appertains tomake and use the same, we will proceed to describe the conthe drawingsby A. It is composed of metal,

and consists of a base-piece, rectangular in form, the length beingabout two and a half times its breadth, and of projections or parts castor bolted on said basepiece of suitable form and strength to carry theoperative parts of the machine.

In Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings a machine is represented especiallyadapted to manufacture the variety of nails above referred to.

The shank of these nails is made of wire or rods of round metal, and thehead is made of a strip of flat metal of any suitable composition, andthe respective parts are formed and united as follows: First, a die ismade consisting of two parts, each of which is made to form one-half ofthe external nail-shank, the two parts accurately fitting together, bywhich the complete form and size of the shank are determined by thedies. This die is shown in the drawings by 2. Its two parts are fittedin the ends of a pair of reciprocating slides. (Shown in the drawings byy.

These slides are fitted in a bracket, :0, bolted to the main frame, andsaid slides are actuated by two levers, B B, both of which move upon thesame horizontal plane, and have their fulcrum atO, fixed in the mainframe. The short ends of said levers are connected to the outer ends ofthe slide by means of links to, and the long ends of said levers arefitted with rollers, and arranged to ride against the side of the mm D,the rear end of which is made in the form of a cam, by which the slides:1 that carry the dies, when the ram moves forward are pressed together,and when the ram moves back the said slides are drawn apart,

and the dies opened by means of the link-connections 'w and a spring,00, by which the long end of the lever is held against the sides of theram, the cam upon the sides of which governs the movement of the dies.

By means of these dies, made and operated as above described, the end ofa piece of wire or rod of metal is griped, cut off, and pressed shape ofthe.

in the desired shape for the shank of the nail, as shown by t, Fig. 1 ofthe drawings. The nail-shank is held in this position until the blank ofwhich the nail-head is formed is cut and clinched upon it.

This head-blank is made and united to the shank as follows: The strip offlat metal 8 is fed in between the rollers r 1" until its end hastraveled past the end of the punch q a distance equal to half thediameter of the headblank. At this moment the ram moves forward andforces the die 1? against the strip of metal and upon the punch, makingan indentation, to receive the head of the nail-shank. The ram thenfalls back, and the strip 8 moves forward, and is again punched asbefore, and then again, which brings the end of the strip over the die 0and opposite the punch a, when, by a movement of the punch forward, ablank for the head of the nail is cut off and carried in the die on theend of the shank, which enters the indentation in the center of thehead-blank previously made by the punch q, the end of the shank beingclinched upon the head-blank by the action of the punch in carrying theblank forward against the dies that hold the nail-shank. The blankhaving been thus riveted upon the shank, the dies 2 open by the backwardmotion of the ram, as above described, and allow the nail to fall, withits head, which is still flat, in the guide m, down which it slidesbetween a pair of pli{ ers, Z Z, in front of the swaging-punch 7c in theram F, which takes the point of the nail, the pliers at the same timeopening, as shown by Fig. 7, leaving the way clear for the punch toforce the head in the cavity of the die J, the end of the punch 10 andthe dies conforming in shape and size to the required form and size ofthe nail-head. These pliers, which are shown by Figs. 5, 7, and 8, arefitted with a stop, a, for the purpose of arresting the fall of all theblanks in the guide m but the one to be finished. This stop is made inthe form of a link or hook, arranged to embrace the pliers, as shown inFig. 8, the end I) being fastened to one leg of the plier, and theopposite end being bent around the other leg or side of the plier in themanner shown, the internal length of the hook being made at least equalto the distance traveled by the two legs of the pliers in theiroperation, and the end 0 of the hook being adjusted with reference tothe motion of the pliers and the guide m in such manner as to leave thepassage-way between the guide open, when the pliers close, as in Fig. 5,and shut when they are open, as in Fig. 7, the object being to stop thefall of the unfinished nail after it is discharged from the heading-die,and keep it from falling through the pliers to the swagin g or finishingdie before the pliers are ready to transfer it.

there will be spring enough in the rod 8 to back it off of the punch qafter it has been forced forward to make the indentation. Should thatnot be so, then it is our purpose to introduce a spring behind it, topress it back as soon as released by the punch P. A front elevation ofthe pliers is shown by Fig. 5. These pliers, it will be seen, form acontinuation of the guides m, the guides terminating where the pliersbegin. These pliers are opened at the proper time by means of awedge-shaped cam, h, fastened to the head of the ram D, the cam workingbetween the head-pieces g g of the pliers, as shown by Fig. 5. The cam,however, only opens the pliers. To draw them together, a spring isapplied (not shown in the drawings-though it may be applied in anyconvenient manner) to accomplish the object of shutting the pliers andkeeping theheads 9 against the cam, to insure the right movement at theright time, The pivot of the pliers is shown at f. It is carried in abracket bolted on the top of the :bracket 6 that supports the die J,which is bolted to the main frame.

It will be observed that the section of the nail-head is in the form ofa crescent-that is to say, it is thicker at its junction with the shankthan it is around its bottom or lower edge. This form is the result oftwo causes: first, because the rod .9 is thicker than the shell of thehead is intended to be; and, second, because the punch 70 and die J aremade and proportioned with reference to each other, so as to swage outthe metal at the edge of the head, and full it in the center around theshank, in the manner shown by Fig. 6.

The ram F is supported in a cylinder, P, bolted to the main frame, andis operated by means of cams Gr on the main shaft H, which shaft issupported by the pillow-block bolted to the main frame in the mannershown. The

connection between the cams and ram F is by meansof the connecting-rodsJ J which reach down from the main shaft to pins d (1, upon which theyconnect as shown in Fig. 2,

thepins passing through a slot cut in the side of the cylinder. (Shownby c in Fig. 1.)

The cams G are made to operateagainst friction-rollers b 7), arranged onthe pin a, to the center of which is also connected a supporting-rod, L,to hold the pin and rollers in their right relation to the cams, the ramF being moved or forced up by the action of the cams, and down or.backward by its own weight and the weight of the several partsconnecting it to the cams, or by a spring applied to the rod L. y

The forward motion of the ram D is obtained by means of cams I, whichalso operate against friction-rollers arrangedupon a pin, T, in the headof the yoke, and the backward motion is obtained by means of a spring,(shown in the drawings by J2) and which may be applied in any convenientand effectual way to force back the ram, the rear end of which is guidedand held in position by the box X, fitted in .erence to the variousmotions depending upon it.

The rod u, out of which the shank of the nail is made, and the strip 8,of which the head is,made, are both fed to the dies by meansofrollers-the rod a by the rollers r r,

and the strip 8 by the rollers 1' 1", both of which pairs of rollers'aresupported in suitable bearings bolted to the main frame, and arearranged in relation to each other substantially as shown in thedrawings.

This feed motion is obtained by means of a connecting-rod, N, connectedto a crank on the wheel K and to a lever, d, hung on the end of theshaft that carries the upper roller 1", and upon the same shaft there isa second lever, 12, keyed, which is connected to the lever 0 by means ofa rod, a, so that by the backward movement of the connecting-rod bothrods to and s are moved forward. But by the forward movement of the rodN the rollers are not moved, the lever (2 being connected to a shaft ofthe upper roller r by means of a ratchet, which acts and moves theroller only when the rod moves back. The ratchet is not shown in thedrawings, but is of the ordinary variety, and is applied in the usualway.

It should be observed that the short ends of the levers B B are fittedwith adjustingscrews t t, to avoid any lost motion or rattling of themachine.

The foregoing description is confined to the machine as a machine formaking the aforementioned variety of nails. Now, by changing the form ofthe dies and punches, and by omitting the feed-rollers 'r r and the ramF, the cylinder 1?, the guides m, the pliers Z, and the connecting'rodsand cams that operate these several parts, we have simply arivetmachine. The dies suitable fora rivet-machine are shown in Figs. 3and 4 of the drawings. The dies in this figure are shown by z z,- theknives that sever the rod by w,- and the slides that carry the dies andknives by y,- and the levers that operate the slides by B B, as in theother figure of the drawings. In all other respects the rivet-machine isthe same as the nail-machine. Indeed, to make rivetsit is not necessaryto change the nail-machine in any of its parts excepting the dies andpunch, so that one machine can be used for either nails or rivets. Butin constructing a machine for making rivets merely, it would, of course,be unnecessary to make and apply any of the parts necessary for makingnails.

Having now described the construction and operation of our invention, weclaim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A preparatory die andpunch to indent the headblank, combined with a die and punch to severthe head-blank, head the shank, and rivet it fast to the head-blank,substantially as described.

2. A machine fitted with a combination of dies and punches, arranged tooperate substantially as described, by which a nail is made of twopieces of metal in a single machine automatically,substantiall y asdescribed.

3. The rollers r '1", combined and operating in combination with thedies 2 z and punch a, in the manner described, for the purpose offeeding at proper intervals the metal to the machine of which thenail-heads are made, as set forth.

4:. The rollers r r, combined and operated in combination with therollers r r, the slides Y, and the ram D, and with their respectivemotors, as described, for the purpose of feeding at proper intervals theiron or metal to the machine out of which the nail-shank or rivet ismade, as set forth, at the same time and in combination with the metalfor the head-blank.

5. The transfer-guide m, by which the blank or unfinished nail istransferred with the headblank on a horizontal or oblique plane from thepreparatory dies 2 to the finishing-dies 7c, in combination with saidpreparatory and finishing dies.

6. The cam h, in combination with the head of the ram D and theplier-heads g g, for the purpose of operating the said pliers, as setforth.

7. The pliers Z Z, in combination with the guide m, to aid intransferring the unfinished nail from the preparatory dies to thefinishingdies.

8. The pliers, in combination with the ram F and die J, for the purposeof transferring the nail-blank from the dies 2 z to said ram and die,and for the purpose of adjusting it in the punch and over the die, asset forth.

9. The combination, in the said machine, of the die and ram for makingand cutting the blank shank and head of the nail, with the die and ramfor swaging or finishing the head of the nail, substantially as setforth.

10. In combination with the guide and pliers by which the unfinishednail is transferred from the preparatory to the finishing dies, a stop,a, to stop the fall of the unfinished nail after it is discharged fromthe heading-die, and keep it from falling through the pliers to theswaging or finishing dies before the pliers are ready to transfer it.

' L. FREDERICK CERF.

EDMOND F. BONAVENTURE.

Witnesses: I

AMos BROADNAX, L. G. GARREr'rsoN.

